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Overview of the JSE-HPS scale
Several studies have validated the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) as a measure of empathy. In this study, the JSE-HPS scale was used to assess the empathy levels of Korean pharmacy students. The JSE was administered to a sample of students from several Korean universities. The findings of this study supported three latent constructs: perspective taking, empathetic concern, and compassionate care.
The study found that the overall empathy score of Korean pharmacy students was 80.3. This score indicates that the students were more empathetic during their patient encounters. The study also found that the year of study had a significant impact on the overall empathy score. It was also found that students who were from women’s universities reported higher empathy levels than those from co-ed universities. The study did not follow students longitudinally, so it is impossible to determine whether the scores changed during their pharmacy education.
The JSE-HPS scale was administered to a sample of 452 pharmacy students. The students were divided into five groups according to their university: university A, B, C, D, and E. The students were recruited from five universities that had relatively high enrollment. This study was supported by Sookmyung Women’s University Research Grants 2013. The study was not conducted longitudinally, so the results should be interpreted within the limitations of the study.
The study found that the JSE-HPS scale was a reliable measure of empathy among pharmacy students. The mean overall empathy score was 80.3. This score was also associated with the personal distress subscale of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). The study also found that the compassionate care subscale of the JSE-HPS scale was positively associated with the empathic concern subscale. The standing in patient’s shoes subscale of the JSE-HPS was also associated with empathic concern.
The study also found that the overall score was associated with future career preference. It was also found that the JSE-HPS scale had acceptable reliability among Korean pharmacy students. The JSE-HPS scale is useful as a measure of empathy and should be further investigated. It can be used as a tool to explore the relationship between empathic concern, compassion, and perspective-taking in pharmacists.
Objectives of the study
Using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professions Student (JSE-HPS) as a measure of empathy, this study explored pharmacy student perceptions of factors impacting patient care. It also examined the perceptions of hospital pharmacy preceptors in South Korea.
The study included 452 pharmacy students in the second and third years of pharmacy study at 5 Korean universities. Two national universities, one co-ed university and one private women’s university were included in the study. However, the final sample did not include a representative sample of students by gender, year of study or school. Using a larger sample would allow for greater generalizability.
The study used the original, Korean, and back-translated versions of the instrument to examine for possible discrepancies. The psychometric properties of the JSE-HPS were examined for reliability and validity. The 3-factor model of the instrument was confirmed by CFA.
The study also looked at JSE-HPS’s correlations with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) subscales. The results of the correlations showed convergent validity of the JSE-HPS. The JSE-HPS has three subscale scores and a total score. The psychometric properties of the JSE-HPS are sound.
The study found that overall empathy scores were higher in women’s universities than in co-ed universities. The mean empathy score for Korean pharmacy students was 80.3. It is possible for the score to range from 15 to 105.
Overall, respondents reported moderate levels of self-confidence, stress, and enthusiasm. They also reported moderate levels of satisfaction with their roles as hospital pharmacy preceptors. Among the factors influencing stress and satisfaction, workload was the most significant. The average number of prescriptions filled by a pharmacist ranged from 40 to 70.
The study suggests that hospital pharmacy preceptors in South Korea experience moderate levels of stress and self-confidence. However, they also report moderate levels of satisfaction. These findings will help improve the quality of hospital pharmacy experiential education.
The study was supported by Sookmyung Women’s University Research Grants 2013. The study was approved by Chung-ang University’s Institutional Review Board (IRB). This study was the first nationwide survey of hospital pharmacy preceptors in South Korean.
Sample size
Among other things, the sample size of touch Korea pharmacy was measured and its effect on the performance of the JSE-HPS was studied. Besides, it was also found that the JSE-HPS had a fair level of convergent validity with IRI subscales.
The JSE-HPS was found to be a reliable and accurate measure of empathy among pharmacy students. The JSE-HPS was administered to 452 pharmacy students in second and third years at five Korean universities. Its overall score was a tad on the small side. However, the sample size was impressive. The mean empathy score of pharmacy students in this sample was 80. It is possible that future studies should investigate how empathy levels vary as students move from one year of study to the next. The best way to do this is to compare empathy levels among students from different years of study in different universities. This study was supported by Sookmyung Women’s University Research Grants.
It is interesting to note that the sample size of touch Korea pharmacy was not a representative sample of students by school, gender, or year of study. The sample size of touch Korea pharmacy was the result of convenience sampling. The sample was comprised of 224 students from the top five universities in the country. The sample size of touch Korea pharmacy was quite large in size as compared to previous studies. This increase in the sample size is expected as the five universities involved in this study have relatively large enrollments.
The sample size of touch Korea pharmacy was not the best in the world, but it was still pretty impressive. The sample size of touch Korea pharmacy was a bit smaller than the sample size of touch Korea medicine. However, this study did prove that the JSE-HPS had convergent and convergent-to-confirmatory validation. It is important to note that this study did not examine the correlation between the JSE-HPS and other empathetic behaviors such as gratitude. The overall mean empathy score of pharmacy students in this sample did not vary greatly, but it did vary based on gender.
Limitations of the study
Despite the validation of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) in Korean pharmacy students, there are limitations of the study. These limitations include the lack of representative samples of students by gender and school characteristics. However, these limitations do not limit the study’s generalizability.
The survey was administered to pharmacy students in the second and third years of pharmacy studies at five Korean universities. Two private women’s universities and two national co-ed universities were included. These universities were chosen as representative of pharmacy schools in Korea, because they had relatively large enrollments. A total of 452 pharmacy students were invited to participate. In accordance with the bylaws of the Seoul Welfare Foundation, consents were obtained for the use of participants’ personal information. A one-way ANOVA was conducted for data analyses. The mean and SD of the overall empathy score were 80.3 and 8.63, respectively. The results indicated that female students had higher empathy levels than male students.
However, the study also found that students in private universities had higher empathy levels than students in national or co-ed universities. This could be due to the fact that the private universities are located in a more urban environment and therefore, they are able to communicate with patients’ families.
The study also found that pharmacy students in national universities had lower levels of empathy. These findings should be taken into consideration within the limitations of the study. A future study should compare empathy levels among Korean pharmacy students in different years of study. It is also important to determine if the study’s findings can be replicated in a more representative sample.
The study found that pharmacy students in women’s universities had higher levels of empathy than those in co-ed universities. This could be because women’s universities are primarily focused on women’s health and therefore, they are able to communicate more with patients’ families. It is also important to determine if this study’s findings can be replicated in other contexts of Korean pharmacy. The present study was funded by Sookmyung Women’s University Research Grants 2013.
A Korean version of the JSE-HPS was used to measure the empathy levels of pharmacy students. The study found that this scale was valid and reliable. The study also found that there were correlations between the JSE-HPS and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI).
